1. Writing
about theory of quoted speech and reported speech
·
Quoted
speech
Direct or quoted
speech is a sentence (or several sentences) that
reports speech or thought in its original form, as phrased by the first speaker.
It is usually enclosed in quotation marks. The cited speaker is either
mentioned in the inquit (Latin
"he says") or implied.
Examples
- He said, "It's raining."
- "It's raining," he thought.
- "It's cold outside," he said, "and it's starting to
rain."
- "How is the weather?" — "It's cold outside." —
"Yes, and it's starting to rain."
Comparison between direct,
indirect and free indirect speech
- Quoted or direct speech:
He
laid down his bundle and thought of his misfortune. "And just what
pleasure have I found, since I came into this world?" he asked.
- Reported or normal indirect
speech:
He
laid down his bundle and thought of his misfortune. He asked himself what
pleasure he had found since he came into the world.
·
Reported speech
Indirect speech, also called reported speech
is a means of expressing the content of
statements, questions or other utterances, without quoting them explicitly as is done in direct speech.
For example, He said "I'm
coming" is direct speech, whereas He said he was coming is indirect speech.
In terms of
grammar, indirect speech
often makes use of certain syntactic
structures such as content clauses
("that" clauses, such as (that)
he was coming), and sometimes infinitive phrases.
References to questions in indirect speech frequently take the form of
interrogative content clauses, also called indirect questions (such
as whether he was coming).
In indirect
speech certain grammatical
categories are changed relative to the words of the original
sentence. For example, person
may change as a result of a change of speaker or listener (as I changes to he in the example above). In some languages, including English, the tense of verbs is often
changed – this is often called sequence of
tenses. Some languages have a change of mood
When
written, indirect speech is not normally enclosed in quotation marks or any
similar typographical devices for indicating that a direct quotation is being
made. However such devices are sometimes used to indicate that the indirect
speech is a faithful quotation of someone's words (with additional devices such
as square
brackets and ellipses
to indicate deviations or omissions from those words), as in He informed us that "after dinner [he]
would like to make an announcement".
Examples
· t is
raining hard.
She says that it is raining hard. (no change)
She said that it was raining hard. (change of tense when the main verb
is past tense)
· I have
painted the ceiling blue.
He said that he had painted the ceiling blue. (change of person and tense)
· I will
come to your party tomorrow.
I said that I would come to his party the next day. (change of tense, person and time
expression)
· How do
people manage to live in this city?
I asked him how people managed to live in that
city. (change of tense and question
syntax, and of demonstrative)
· Please
leave the room.
I asked them to leave the room. (use of infinitive phrase)
2. Assignment conversation of quoted speech and reported speech
Quoted Speech
A : Hi B, did you attend mr.udin's class ?
B : Yes i did. Why do you ask me like that ?
A : Because i came late
B : why did you come late ? Did you get accident on the road ?
A : no I didn't, i just got traffic jam on the road
B : it's ok. He just advised us to study hard
A : Ok. B thanks for your iinformation
B : don't mention dude
Reported speech
A said hi B did you attend mr.udin's class ?
B said that he attendded mr. udin's class and asked A Why do you ask me like that ?
A said that he came late
B asked A why did you come late ? Did you get accident on te road ?
A said that he got traffic jam on the road
B said that mr.Udin just advised us to study hard
A said ok. B thanks for your information
B said don't mention it dude
Nama : Muhammad Aditya Suhendra
Kelas : 3EA 15 ( kelas pengulangan 1 ea 18 )
Npm 13209870
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